Taylor Thomas

For this alumnus, public health and public service are inextricable

Taylor Thomas — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 17:37:56 +0000

For this alumnus, public health and public service are inextricable Taylor Thomas Wed, 09/03/2025 - 13:37

�鶹��Ƶ alumnus Phazhon Nash, BS in Community Health ’21, has taken his commitment to the intersection of public health and public service to the Roanoke City Council. Nash foresaw his future in community service and complemented his public health major with a global health concentration with an American Government minor from the Schar School of Policy and Government. Health and wellness are at the forefront of his mind when designing policies to uplift people physically, mentally, socially, financially, and environmentally.

Roanoke City Council Member Phazhon Nash, BS in Community Health ’21.

“Public health and public service are inseparable. Whether it is housing, transportation, public safety, or economic development, every policy has an impact on health,” said Nash. "As a council member, I think about how decisions will affect people’s well-being, how they will create healthier neighborhoods, reduce disparities, or improve access to resources. We want to create policies to support the whole person and the whole community."

As the youngest elected council member for Roanoke City, Nash’s fresh perspective is amplifying the voices of future generations. A Roanoke native, Nash grew up seeing the city’s health needs go ignored for decades. He was inspired to run for city council because he wanted to give back in a meaningful way, addressing challenges facing the community today that will benefit generations to come.

“I saw a need for younger voices at the table, voices that reflect the future of our communities. My goal is to make Roanoke City the happiest, healthiest, and safest place for all to call home,” Nash said.

City Council is a part-time role, so Nash also serves as an Operations Consultant in Emergency Services at Carilion Clinic in Roanoke. He leads quality improvement initiatives, throughout efficiency projects, and operational strategies across all six Carilion Clinic Emergency Departments in Southwest Virginia.

“I use my background in community health to ensure that the systems and solutions we implement in the emergency department actively acknowledge and respond to social determinants of health, helping bridge gaps in care and address the broader factors that impact patient outcomes,” Nash said.

Nash credits his education from the College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ for training him in how to implement sustainable, innovative public health solutions. “The most significant aspect of my George �鶹��Ƶ and College of Public Health education was the diversity. I met people from so many different backgrounds, which opened my mind and broadened my perspective. The professors also consistently challenged me to think outside the box and become truly creative in the way I approached problems,” he said. “That combination of diversity and intellectual challenge shaped the way I see public health and leadership today.”

Topics

bachelor of science in community health

Department of Global and Community Health

GCH Alumni

Alumni

public policy

For older adults, extreme heat can mean life or death

Taylor Thomas — Fri, 29 Aug 2025 17:54:37 +0000

For older adults, extreme heat can mean life or death Taylor Thomas Fri, 08/29/2025 - 13:54

In This Story

Li-Mei Chen, PhD

Heat-related illnesses such as dehydration, sunburn, and heat stroke are known to be dangerous for everyone, but older adults are at heightened risk and are likely to suffer more drastic health consequences if those close to them, whether that be family members, friends, or caregivers, are not vigilant.

Healthy aging scholar and gerontologist Li-Mei Chen specializes in the health and well-being of older adults, and how caregivers and systems can better support them. Chen, assistant professor of social work at �鶹��Ƶ's College of Public Health, answers pressing questions on how to keep older adults safe in extreme heat, offering actionable preventive measures key to protection from heat exposure.

Why are heat-related illnesses particularly dangerous for older adults?

Failing to understand the dangers of heat-related illnesses can be life-threatening. Compared to younger people, older adults require more water for the body to function properly, such as producing sweat to cool the body. Furthermore, older adults are less sensitive to thirst and will forego drinking water as often as they should. Also, older adults are more likely to have chronic health conditions, which can be exacerbated by extreme heat.

How do common heat-related illnesses manifest differently among seniors?

Heat-related illnesses can manifest differently in older adults. People aged 60 years and older and individuals with obesity, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease or long-standing diabetes are at increased risk of heat-related illness. Aging and chronic diseases may impair the body’s ability to regulate core body temperature in hot conditions.

Additionally, personal circumstances contribute to an increased risk of heat-related illness. Older adults who are unable to leave their homes, lack contact with other people, experience severe mental illness, poverty, and decreased mobility face even greater risk.

What are some early warning signs to look out for?

Early signs of heat-related illness include dizziness, redness in the face, excessive sweating, muscle pain, and leg cramps. As the symptoms worsen, older adults may experience nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakened consciousness, and high body temperature.

If you are with someone showing signs of heat-related illness, remove them from direct sunlight, such as to under the shade of a tree, and try to relocate them to a cooler environment. Placing cold wet clothes on the forehead and neck can help alleviate symptoms and bring body temperature down. If symptoms are not improving, call 911 so medical professionals can render care.

Top 10 Tips to keep older adults safe and healthy in extreme heat

Check the weather before going out.
Ensure any venue is older adult-friendly with access to sitting areas and places to escape the heat periodically.
Hydrate! Take small sips of water regularly, even if not thirsty.
Apply and reapply sunscreen with a minimum of SPF 30.
Wear sunglasses and a hat.
Dress in breathable, lightweight clothing.
Monitor indoor temperature, humidity, and ventilation.
Adjust air conditioning as needed to keep indoor spaces cool.
Keep furniture away from direct sunlight.
Have a plan in place in case of emergency with family, friends, and neighbors, and be prepared to take action.

MEDIA INQUIRIES: For reporters who wish to speak to Li-Mei Chen about heat and older adults, please contact media contact Michelle Thompson at mthomp7@gmu.edu.

Li-Mei Chen is a gerontologist and a healthy aging scholar. She is an assistant professor of social work in �鶹��Ƶ’s College of Public Health. She is also a Fellow of the Gerontological Society of America. Chen’s teaching and research focus on dementia and aging, productive aging, intersectionality and the role of lifecourse in older ethnic minorities, community gerontology, and social policy. Her recent projects included hosting an international seminar in Japan on person-centered care for dementia, community-based strategies for civic engagement of older adults and the role of structural injustices and social exclusion on minority health and well-being. Her research includes developing a VR-based training for certified nursing assistants that will expand empathy for dementia patients. Recently, Chen took part in the annual Gerontological Society of America’s (GSA) Capitol Hill Advocacy Day to champion aging-related policy priorities.

�鶹��Ƶ �鶹��Ƶ

�鶹��Ƶ is Virginia’s largest public research university. Located near Washington, D.C., �鶹��Ƶ enrolls more than 40,000 students from 130 countries and all 50 states. �鶹��Ƶ has grown rapidly over the past half-century and is recognized for its innovation and entrepreneurship, remarkable diversity, and commitment to accessibility. In 2023, the university launched �鶹��Ƶ Now: Power the Possible, a one-billion-dollar comprehensive campaign to support student success, research, innovation, community, and stewardship. Learn more at gmu.edu.

�鶹��Ƶ College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ

The College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ is the first College of Public Health in Virginia and a national leader in inclusive, interprofessional, public health research, education, and practice. The college is comprised of public health disciplines, health administration and policy, informatics, nursing, nutrition, and social work. The college offers a distinct array of degrees to support research and training of professionals dedicated to ensuring health and well-being for all. The college’s transdisciplinary research seeks to understand the many factors that influence the public’s health and well-being throughout the lifespan.

Topics

College of Public Health

Harnessing VR to prevent substance use relapse

Taylor Thomas — Sat, 16 Aug 2025 17:39:05 +0000

Harnessing VR to prevent substance use relapse Taylor Thomas Sat, 08/16/2025 - 13:39

In This Story

Holly Matto, PhD, LCSW-C

Substance use recovery is a lifelong process, but environmental triggers, such as alcohol at social gatherings or pain medication advertisements, can put individuals in recovery at risk of relapse.

Research by �鶹��Ƶ social work professor Holly Matto, with colleagues from the College of Science and College of Engineering and Computing, and their Brightline Interactive Industry partner, examined how positive stimuli, what they call "recovery cues," can counteract drug cravings and lower relapse risk.

The team equipped individuals in recovery with virtual reality (VR) technology to see how relaxing sensory experiences can regulate their emotional and physical reactions to triggers to ultimately improve behavioral decision-making.

Participants were offered customized recovery cues embedded in a variety of VR scenarios aimed at reducing their bodies’ reactions to drug triggers. Comfort and familiarity were key to recovery cues, Matto emphasized.

“If we can identify an individual’s own set of personally meaningful recovery cues, we have the unique opportunity to present these cues to the individual as a real-time personalized intervention at the time of drug cue exposure and at the onset of craving escalation to help the person stabilize back to a regulated state,” she said.

Recovery cues, such as visualizing a beloved pet or audio messaging with inspirational affirmations, reorient the individual onto the recovery path when faced with something that potentially ignites a drug craving. The most important cue for participants seemed to be the “12-step chip and pamphlet” when presented in the VR scenarios. The “12-steps” refer to the milestones that those overcoming addiction aspire to achieve in their recovery journey. This cue was highly effective, likely due to the recognizability it may elicit in the recovery community.

Developing a “digital best self”

Matto and colleagues are now working on two new research projects, building upon the findings of this study. The team is working on simulations that train individuals to implement their recovery cues so they can control their own reactions to drug cues. The goal is to help them develop a “digital best self” that represents the person they aspire to be in recovery.

“Recovery is a process which requires learning opportunities that create change in the ways an individual engages their thoughts and feelings to motivate behavior in environments that present challenges to their recovery. VR offers an immersive space where that learning can occur and where relapse triggers can be presented in ways that require implementation of learned recovery strategies,” said Matto.

Examining the Power of Recovery Cues to Enhance Real-Time Regulation and Manage Substance Craving was published in Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services in June 2025.

The George �鶹��Ƶ research team includes Professor Padmanabhan Seshaiyer from the College of Science and Associate Professor Nathalia Peixoto from the Volgenau School of Engineering, and Bioengineering PhD candidate Bryce Dunn.

Topics

Substance Use

Recovery

Behavioral Health Recovery

virtual reality

Social Work Research

Social Work Faculty

Artificial Intelligence

Research

College of Public Health students deliver cross-disciplinary research on national stage

Taylor Thomas — Mon, 23 Jun 2025 14:44:56 +0000

College of Public Health students deliver cross-disciplinary research on national stage Taylor Thomas Mon, 06/23/2025 - 10:44

The dissemination of research is pivotal to the advancement of public health. Beginning during their undergraduate career, students across �鶹��Ƶ's College of Public Health are trained to hone their skills in conducting and presenting research. At this year’s National Conference for Undergraduate Research (NCUR), six students from the college showcased their work while also building their self-confidence as field practitioners.

“Getting the opportunity to present my research at a national conference during my second year of undergraduate studies truly allowed me to see how capable I am of contributing to bigger things during my time as an undergraduate student,” said community health major and University Scholar Deema Osman, who is working on a clinical science concentration. Overall, my experience at NCUR strengthened my desire to continue devoting my time to the field of public health outside the classroom."

Osman and her co-researcher Daphne Bernal, BS Community Health and Honors College ’25, global health concentration and French minor, presented their work on the effects of (ex)cannabis use on well-being and health communication, through the exploration of Reddit online communities and digital culture.

“Presenting research gave me confidence that I am capable of doing research and presenting it to other students from different subject backgrounds. The college ensured that I had practice presenting and educated me on the context of my research topic,” said Bernal, who will be pursuing a master of public health degree at George �鶹��Ƶ.

Nallely Calles Ortega presenting at the 2025 National Conference on Undergraduate Research. Photo provided

Nallely Calles Ortega, BSW ‘25, alongside MSW student Betzy Oviedo, BSW '24 and Honors College alum, showcased the research she has done as a part of her advocacy work securing compensation for social work students during their field placements.

“The conference was not just about sharing our findings, but also about growing as scholars and advocates,” Calles Ortega said. "It was inspiring to see the innovative work other undergraduates were doing, and it motivated us to continue building on our research and explore future opportunities for publication and policy impact."

Their research, which consisted of multiple exploratory surveys here at George �鶹��Ƶ targeting BSW seniors and MSW students to better understand how unpaid field placements impact their mental health, finances, and academic performance, contributes to the broader national conversation on equity in social work education. The college was pivotal in preparing her to undertake presenting on a national platform.

“Professors like Dr. Daniel Freedman were instrumental in helping us reach our participant goal and improve our response rates. Additionally, the research courses SOCW 471 and SOCW 472 provided us with a strong foundation in research methods and data analysis. I also briefly worked with the Social Work Integrative Research Lab (SWIRL), which further enhanced my skills and understanding of applied research. The mentorship, resources, and academic training from the college gave us the confidence to present our work on a national stage,” Calles Ortega said.

All college student presenters and topics:

Nalley Calles Ortega (Social Work) and Betzy Oviedo (Social Work): Unpaid Internships: Exploring the Hardships of Social Work Students

Deema Osman (Community Health) and Daphńe Bernal (Community Health): Reddit Netnography Exploring (Ex)Cannabis Users’ Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being Outcomes and Understanding the Role of Online Forums for Informal Health Communication

Sandra Le (Dual Major Community Health and Geographic Information Systems): Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation and Water Dynamics in Libya’s Extreme Flood Event 2023 Using Remote Sensing and Google Earth Engine (GEE)

Paris Stephens (Community Health) and Farah Bahr (Community Health): The Effectiveness of Culturally Relevant Breast Cancer Education Messages Tailored for Young Black Women

Topics

National Conference on Undergraduate Research

Undergraduate Research

College of Public Health

Student Research

Students

Research

Student nurses converge for an interdisciplinary research conference organized by George �鶹��Ƶ students

Taylor Thomas — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 13:59:11 +0000

Student nurses converge for an interdisciplinary research conference organized by George �鶹��Ƶ students Taylor Thomas Wed, 06/04/2025 - 09:59

In This Story

Karen Trister Grace

Tara Altay, a PhD student in George �鶹��Ƶ’s School of Nursing, noticed an unfortunate conference trend: a decrease in attendance and an increase in price. Disheartened but refusing to remain passive, Altay leveraged her role as treasurer of the �鶹��Ƶ Graduate Nursing Organization (GNO) to combat this observation becoming the norm. Refusing to see knowledge and network become inaccessible to fellow students and nursing professionals, the GNO, in partnership with George �鶹��Ƶ Nurses for Sexual and Reproductive Health (NSRH), organized a D.C.-area interdisciplinary student nursing research conference.

Tara Altay. Photo provided

“The main motivation was to create an affordable, in this case free, student research conference inclusive of all nursing degree programs (ADN, BSN, MSN, DNP, PhD),” Altay said. "One of the most fun parts of professional conferences is the connections made and side conversations with peers. We wanted to create that opportunity for students here and all students around D.C., Maryland, and Virginia."

Altay also added that they also wanted to provide doctoral students with a supportive space to practice presenting their research—one where peers fostered meaningful discussions that enriched and strengthened their work.

The 67 student participants who registered for the conference came from the University of Maryland, Shenandoah University, University of Virginia, George Washington University, Johns Hopkins University, and Virginia Commonwealth University.

“This conference was a great networking opportunity, as well as a chance to learn what other doctoral students are doing during their final year project and what they plan to do with their degree afterwards,” said Kathryn Oliver, an attendee and Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) student.

As a self-described young, aspiring health care professional of color, Ka'Lise Benson, a direct-entry Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) student who is a University Scholar in the Honors College, was thrilled to engage with those with similar aspirations. “I left feeling so grateful and so encouraged. I felt that the conference, having placed me in a space full of like-minded individuals, confirmed the call I already felt so led to answer,” she said.

Meghan Stough presenting her research on opioid use disorder interventions. Photo by Rene Ayala

The conference featured doctoral research in both poster and podium presentations, offering bachelor’s and master's-level students the opportunity to observe the trajectory of their future careers. Meghan Stough, another DNP-FNP student, was one of 18 student presenters. She utilized the conference to share her DNP project on evidence-based interventions to expand access to medications for opioid use disorder in the pre-hospital setting.

“The conference allowed me to practice translating complex clinical work into a concise, accessible format—an essential skill in nursing leadership and advocacy. Presenting and receiving feedback enhanced my confidence in scholarly communication and solidified my role as a nurse leader committed to knowledge dissemination,” Stough said.

Community practitioners were invited to share their field experiences and the innovative ways they apply their nursing degrees to serve diverse populations beyond hospital and primary care settings, including keynote speaker Terri-Ann Thompson from Ibis Reproductive Health, who spoke about her work on reproductive justice. Thompson was joined by four nurse practitioners as co-panelists in breakout sessions. Additionally, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences Women and Gender Studies department adapted their Intersectionality 101 program into a nurse-specific presentation and discussion panel for attendees in support of the conference’s theme, “Equity.”

“I'm so proud of our student chapter members for organizing this impressive event. It was inspiring to spend the day among such motivated students, and I hope this is just the start of an ongoing tradition at George �鶹��Ƶ,” said Karen Trister-Grace, assistant professor in the School of Nursing and faculty advisor for NSRH.

Attendees from across the Washington, D.C.-area gather for George �鶹��Ƶ student-led nursing conference. Photo by Rene Ayala

Topics

Nursing Research

Student Research

Master of Science in Nursing

bachelor of science in nursing

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Students

Carolyn Drews-Botsch receives Career Accomplishment Award from Society for Epidemiologic Research

Taylor Thomas — Fri, 30 May 2025 13:19:03 +0000

Carolyn Drews-Botsch receives Career Accomplishment Award from Society for Epidemiologic Research Taylor Thomas Fri, 05/30/2025 - 09:19

In This Story

Carolyn Drews-Botsch, PhD, MPH

Carolyn Drews-Botsch, professor in the Department of Global and Community Health at the College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ, has been honored by the Society for Epidemiologic Research with the Kenneth Rothman Career Accomplishment Award. This award acknowledges Drews-Botsch's profound impact on the field has shifted the way scholars and scientists practice epidemiology.

Carolyn Drews-Botsch, PhD, MPH. Photo by Evan Cantwell/Office of University Branding

Drews-Botsch specializes in pediatric epidemiology, and the factors, particularly in the perinatal period, that contribute to the causation of certain diseases. She is an expert on occlusion therapy (eye patching) in children with unilateral congenital cataract and amblyopia, commonly known as “lazy eye,” in children.

“I am humbled to think that both my research and my mentorship of junior scholars has had a lasting impact on the field and on people’s health. Past winners include people who have made significant contributions to the field of epidemiology over the years, and I am honored to join their ranks,” said Drews-Botsch

Over her time as an academic, Drews-Botsch has received the National Research Service Award in Cancer Epidemiology from the National Institutes of Health, has been elected to the American Academic of Epidemiology, and, most recently, received a Fulbright U.S. Scholar Award to teach and research amblyopia in Ireland. She has published over 175 peer-reviewed studies on topics related to pediatric disease causation.

The Society for Epidemiologic Research was established in 1968 to foster epidemiologic research. It is the oldest and largest general epidemiology society in North America.

Topics

GCH Faculty

public health faculty

Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

Faculty and Staff News

The opportunity to conduct research is fueling this community health student to discover life-saving cancer treatments

Taylor Thomas — Tue, 13 May 2025 13:18:27 +0000

The opportunity to conduct research is fueling this community health student to discover life-saving cancer treatments Taylor Thomas Tue, 05/13/2025 - 09:18

During her sophomore year at �鶹��Ƶ, College of Public Health student Paris Stephens sought to gain more experience as a research assistant, but knew not just any project would suffice.

Paris Stephens, BS in Community Health with a concentration in Clinical Science student. Photo provided.

Stephens, who was working on a Bachelor of Science in Community Health with a concentration in Clinical Science, was adamant her work not only contribute to her growth as a researcher, but also aligned with her desire to create meaningful impact. After speaking with her professors about the array of opportunities available, she found her perfect fit with Associate Professor Michelle Williams’s research, developing a culturally relevant breast cancer education intervention for young African American women.

“I felt compelled to be part of research that educates, advocates, and drives change,” Stephens said. "The focus on breast cancer awareness and disparities deeply resonated with my passion for advancing health equity, especially among young Black women. I wanted my efforts to matter."

Black women, at any age, are more likely to die from breast cancer than any other race or ethnic group. Stephens’s work included conducting comprehensive literature reviews, identifying key gaps in research, data collection and analysis, participating in community education campaigns, and communicating with survey participants.

“I’ve gained valuable learning the ins and outs of research protocols, such as how to work ethically with human research participants,” Stephens said. "I also learned how to collect, organize, and publish data—skills that have made me more confident and capable as an aspiring public health professional. Overall, this experience has allowed me to support evidence-based practices that promote community health and drive real-world impact."

Stephens presenting her research at the 2025 National Conference on Undergraduate Research. Photo provided

Stephens was thrilled by the opportunity to work with Williams, absorbing an abundance of knowledge from her as a cancer prevention and control expert. Stephens presented her work at the 2025 National Conference on Undergraduate Research in Pittsburgh.

“Working with Dr. Williams has been an incredible experience. She is a brilliant researcher and she’s helped me grow into a more thoughtful and skilled researcher myself. Her mentorship has been both inspiring and transformative,” she said.

Stephens was the recipient of the Undergraduate Award for Excellence in Research at the 2025 College of Public Health Degree Celebration.

Stephens recently accepted a position with Shady Grove Fertility as a patient service representative, where she will deliver patient support by resolving concerns, coordinating with departments, guiding patients on insurance and financial options, and ensuring compliance and data accuracy while maintaining confidentiality and professionalism. Following her graduation in spring 2025, she intends to pursue a Master of Science in Management.

Stephens aspires to continue pursuing breast cancer research as a clinical research coordinator or work within hospital or pharmaceutical settings focused on breast cancer treatments, ensuring that new drugs and medical devices are safe, effective, and beneficial for communities.

Her ultimate goal is to serve in roles that allow her to contribute to life-saving innovations and clinical advancements.

“I want to be part of the team that makes sure we are not only innovating—but doing so responsibly and ethically,” Stephens said.

In This Story

Michelle S. Williams, PhD, MSPH

Research at George �鶹��Ƶ

The global repercussions of failing to stop the measles outbreak now

Taylor Thomas — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 13:18:21 +0000

The global repercussions of failing to stop the measles outbreak now Taylor Thomas Wed, 04/16/2025 - 09:18

As of April 15, 2025, measles continues to spread across the nation and does not appear to be slowing down, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. In addition to outbreaks in the U.S., international public health organizations are reporting rises in cases across the globe. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has confirmed cases in Argentina, Canada, and Mexico. The highly contagious nature of the virus coupled with outbreaks in multiple countries raises concerns about measles spreading globally and becoming more difficult to contain.

In an updated interview, �鶹��Ƶ epidemiologist and infectious disease expert Amira Roess answers questions about the evolving measles situation. She outlines how the United States is at risk of losing its status as a country that had eliminated the measles virus. Read the interview with Roess, Measles elimination versus eradication: the difference and why it matters. Roess shares concerns about the strain outbreaks could have on global public health systems and warns of the danger of the virus mutating [developing in a manner that results in changes from the original strain].

What is unique about the current measles outbreak?

This outbreak emerged in a somewhat rural part of the U.S. and then quickly spread to neighboring states, then Mexico and to other countries. This is happening just as the U.S. is reshaping how we approach prevention, detection, and response to new and emerging diseases, and scaling back our infectious disease research and surveillance infrastructure. In addition, the U.S. health system is already strained following a large tuberculosis outbreak in Kansas, bird flu (H5N1) across the country, and the highest number of flu cases we've seen in 15 years. Health care providers and public health workers are reporting that their facilities are understaffed and that they are exhausted.

Does this affect the U.S. and Mexico’s efforts to maintain elimination status?

In 2000, measles was declared eliminated in the U.S. and it was considered unthinkable that we would see a measles outbreak of this magnitude here, in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. In 2016, measles was declared eliminated in the Western Hemisphere (from North to South America). This was largely due to countries combining efforts to improve vaccination and surveillance. It was an incredible multi-national accomplishment by governments and health care professionals. We are at risk of reversing that progress to eliminate measles from our hemisphere, because the presence of the virus in one region places the others at risk of it spreading there as well.

Why is it important to stop the spread now?

Preventable deaths

Hospitalizations and deaths from measles are preventable. There is no reason that in 2025 we should accept that measles is making a comeback in the U.S. We have a vaccine that has been shown to be effective in preventing measles infection and has been shown over and over again to be safe. The good news is that most people in the U.S. are already vaccinated, and most parents want to vaccinate their kids. There are small groups of individuals who oppose vaccination and they are fueling this outbreak, which is sickening and killing mainly unvaccinated individuals.

Immunocompromised individuals

One of the things we worry about is that there are a lot of immunocompromised individuals who are at risk of severe illness if they get measles. Think about how many people you know who are on immunosuppressive medications, who have heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. It represents a growing percentage of the U.S. population.

Possible strain mutations

We also have to consider what this growing outbreak means for the risk of mutations arising that can lead to an even more infectious virus. So far, no concerning mutations have been found. For decades, measles has been a relatively stable virus, so the same vaccine has been in use and has been very safe and effective. If measles is allowed to spread unchecked, we could be in serious trouble of risking the virus mutating, leading to the vaccine becoming less effective in protecting against the virus. Why risk it?

What can we expect now that the virus has crossed international borders?

We should expect to see more cases. Measles vaccination coverage is lower in Mexico than in the United States. That means that the virus will likely spread faster in Mexico unless a robust response is put into place immediately to stop transmission and improve vaccination. In addition, like in the U.S., there is a growing number of immunocompromised individuals in Mexico. A large-scale measles outbreak in Mexico can result in hundreds of severe cases that will be difficult to treat. If the outbreak grows, their health system will be under tremendous strain, which will mean a potentially higher death rate than what we have seen in the U.S.

Since the beginning of the current U.S. outbreak that started in 2024, we have seen how difficult it has been for clinics and hospitals to prevent and slow the spread of measles. I have the same concerns for Mexico. In the U.S., many of us are immunocompromised or are using medications that can weaken the immune system, which is partly why we have seen more than 10 percent of measles patients become hospitalized. Mexico also has a large number of immunocompromised individuals. If the outbreak grows, they will have to consider setting up separate measles units, because you don't want a highly infectious pathogen like measles in your hospitals where there are immunocompromised patients, especially if you have limited resources.

MEDIA INQUIRIES: For reporters who wish to speak to Amira Roess about measles or other emerging diseases, please email media contact Michelle Thompson at mthomp7@gmu.edu.

Amira Roess is a professor of global health and epidemiology at �鶹��Ƶ's College of Public Health, Department of Global and Community Health. She is an epidemiologist with expertise in infectious diseases epidemiology, multidisciplinary and multi-species field research and evaluating interventions to reduce the transmission and impact of infectious diseases. Roess currently oversees several longitudinal studies to understand emergence and transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases globally, including the emergence and transmission of Campylobacter (with support from The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), MERS-CoV (with support from the U.S. National Science Foundation), and the development of the microbiome during the first year of life. She studies links between food animal production and emerging infectious and zoonotic diseases emergence globally, and mHealth (especially apps) technology integration and evaluations to reduce the impact of infectious disease outbreaks, promote health care, and help reduce disparities.

�鶹��Ƶ �鶹��Ƶ

�鶹��Ƶ College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ

In This Story

Amira Roess, PhD, MPH

Topics

Bird flu: What you need to know

Mary Cunningham — Fri, 07 Feb 2025 19:12:26 +0000

Bird flu: What you need to know Mary Cunningham Fri, 02/07/2025 - 14:12

February 7, 2025

The first death in a person infected with avian influenza (H5N1), commonly referred to as bird flu, was confirmed on January 6 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Louisiana, following 66 confirmed infections in humans. Health officials have identified cases of bird flu in humans and livestock in multiple states across the United States.

Nine states have reported cases in both humans and livestock, while an additional eight states have reported outbreaks exclusively in livestock. In total, 17 states have confirmed the presence of bird flu, including poultry farms in Maryland and Virginia. Thus far, there have been no reports of bird flu in Washington, D.C.

Updated reports in February are warning that a newer strain of avian flu (D1.1), previously only found in humans and birds, has now been detected in dairy cattle in Nevada. This mutation is different from the 2024 outbreak of avian flu (B3.13) that has been circulating across the U.S. Keeping the public informed about bird flu and educating people about ways to reduce the risk of infection is a public health priority.

Amira Roess, professor of global health and epidemiology in the College of Public Health, offers updated insight and clarity about the disease. Roess is an epidemiologist who studies emerging zoonotic (animal to human) infectious diseases and their risk factors. She was a leading source of public information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Roess served as the science director of the Pew Policy Commission on Industrial Food Animal Production, an epidemic intelligence service officer at the CDC, and a consultant on preparedness and response to H5N1 bird flu in 2006.

Should humans be concerned about contracting bird flu?

The risk to the general public remains low. So far, health officials have not identified or confirmed reports of person-to-person transmission of avian influenza. Those who work in close proximity to animals are at the greatest risk for infection. This includes individuals who care for backyard, noncommercial poultry flocks.

Fortunately, most human cases have been mild. However, we are worried for those individuals with underlying conditions coming into contact with the virus because their risk of severe illness and death is high. In addition to the increased risk, the virus is more likely to mutate as it lingers in immunocompromised patients. We worry that mutations will arise that make the virus more easily transmissible between humans and more deadly.

The individual in Louisiana who died was immunocompromised, and the strain identified in that individual appears to have mutated in them. This individual was infected while caring for their domesticated backyard poultry.

Are eggs and chicken safe to eat right now?

Yes, as long as they have been properly prepared for consumption. There has been no evidence in the U.S. of bird flu infections from properly cooked eggs, chicken, beef, or pasteurized milk. Uncooked (raw) and undercooked eggs, poultry, beef and unpasteurized milk can cause illness. Heat from cooking food properly kills bacteria and viruses, including avian flu. The best precaution is to ensure all meat is cooked thoroughly (see the CDC's safer foods table), stick to milk products that have been pasteurized, and separate raw food items from cooked.

Why is there an egg shortage at my grocery store?

This strain of bird flu is deadly to poultry. When the virus is detected, poultry on that farm are removed from the flock to stop the virus from spreading rapidly between poultry, other animals, and humans. Egg farms across the country are suffering from the loss, which has dwindled the production of eggs. Quite simply, fewer birds mean fewer eggs that can make it into our grocery stores. The demand for eggs cannot be met and so prices rise.

How did the disease get from birds and livestock to people?

There are many ways diseases spread from animals to people, directly and indirectly. Touching a contaminated animal, including pets and domesticated livestock, or being exposed to bodily fluids or feces where the animal has been, can result in transmission.

What we’re primarily seeing in this current outbreak is that agriculture workers and those working with poultry are coming into contact with poultry and livestock that have been infected with bird flu. We are also seeing that cats drinking unpasteurized milk from infected cows are becoming infected and dying from H5N1. At the same time, the FDA has asked pet food companies to consider making sure that pet food contains no raw products since they recognize the general risk to pet health from the consumption of raw animal products.

What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans?

Symptoms of this outbreak are like those of other seasonal infections. Redness of the eyes, congestion, cough, sore throat, body and headaches, and slight fever are the most common. In some cases, redness of the eyes was the only symptom present. Severe cases, which are rare, may include higher fever, difficulty breathing, and even unconsciousness.

How is bird flu diagnosed? Is there a test for bird flu, like there is for the flu and COVID-19?

Infection is determined by testing a swab of the nose or throat using specific laboratory tests to detect the virus. Because outward signs are so similar to other influenza strains and respiratory illnesses, bird flu can be confused with other illnesses. If you think you have bird flu you should see your health care provider as soon as possible. They can diagnose you and determine the next steps and treatment.

How can we prevent bird flu from further spreading?

We know that those at the greatest risk of infection are agricultural workers and people in close proximity with infected animals. Be vigilant around animals, especially dairy cows and poultry. If you suspect an outbreak among animals, avoid contact with the animals and report it to your local health department immediately. Contact your health care provider or state and local health departments to request a test if you believe you may have already been exposed. Quarantine and be sure to avoid people as much as possible while waiting for results.

As the virus continues to spread, the risk of people coming into contact with it increases. Those who are immunocompromised, or in close quarters with those who are, should exercise extra caution. Get the flu shot, make sure to eat healthy foods, get adequate sleep and try to reduce your stress levels. All of this will reduce the risk of infection and if you are infected this can help lessen disease severity.

MEDIA INQUIRIES: For reporters who wish to speak to Amira Roess about bird flu or other emerging diseases, please email media contact Michelle Thompson at mthomp7@gmu.edu.

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The College of Public Health at �鶹��Ƶ is the first College of Public Health in Virginia and a national leader in inclusive, interprofessional, public health research, education, and practice. The college is comprises public health disciplines, health administration and policy, informatics, nursing, nutrition, and social work. The college offers a distinct array of degrees to support research and training of professionals dedicated to ensuring health and well-being for all. The college’s transdisciplinary research seeks to understand the many factors that influence the public’s health and well-being throughout the lifespan.

The college enrolls more than 1,900 undergraduate and 1,300 graduate students in our nationally recognized programs, including 5 undergraduate degrees, 7 master’s degrees, and 4 doctoral degrees, and 10 certificate programs. Our graduates are uniquely prepared to thrive in an increasingly multicultural, multidisciplinary, community-focused public health landscape.

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Amira Roess, PhD, MPH

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Master of Health Administration program wins award for excellence in innovative education from CAHME

Taylor Thomas — Mon, 27 Jan 2025 14:45:12 +0000

Master of Health Administration program wins award for excellence in innovative education from CAHME Taylor Thomas Mon, 01/27/2025 - 09:45

Explore the Award-Winning MHA Program

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Brenda Helen Sheingold, PhD, RN, FNAP

�鶹��Ƶ’s Master of Health Administration program has been honored for pioneering innovative education and instruction.

The Master of Health Administration (MHA), Health Systems Management program won the prestigious Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education (CAHME) award for innovative health care education.

Each year, the CAHME/George and Regi Herzlinger Innovation Education Award for the Development of Educational Skills Focusing on Invention, Evaluation, and Adoption of Innovation in Healthcare honors a CAHME-accredited program that has set the standard for inventive academic rigor and preparation of the next generation of health care administration professionals.

Graduate students enrolled in HAP 704 Contemporary Issues in Healthcare visit Capitol Hill. Read more.

“Our Master’s in Health Systems Management (MHA) program empowers students with the real-world skills and insights needed to excel in the competitive health care industry,” said Brenda Helen Sheingold, associate professor and division director of health administration and policy. "By graduation, our students possess hands-on experience that directly aligns with employers' needs and positions them as leaders in the field. This award recognizes how evolving innovative education with faculty colleagues, community partners and alumni contribute to successful and productive graduates. We are committed to a trajectory of success for the next generation by continually originating new education models and techniques."

This accolade includes a $10,000 grant to further innovation efforts in health systems education. The award will be presented March 23, 2025, at the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) Congress in Chicago.

CAHME is the only organization formally recognized as the accrediting body for master's level health care management programs in the United States and Canada. The MHA prepares students to become leaders in evolving health systems and health-related organizations by guiding them to develop strategic, business, analytic, and decision-making skills needed to navigate the rapidly changing health care industry successfully. The program is ranked at #32 by U.S. News and World Report.

Read more about George �鶹��Ƶ and College of Public Health program rankings.

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Taylor Thomas

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College of Public Health students deliver cross-disciplinary research on national stage

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Student nurses converge for an interdisciplinary research conference organized by George �鶹��Ƶ students

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Bird flu: What you need to know

Should humans be concerned about contracting bird flu?

Are eggs and chicken safe to eat right now?

Why is there an egg shortage at my grocery store?

How did the disease get from birds and livestock to people?

What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans?

How is bird flu diagnosed? Is there a test for bird flu, like there is for the flu and COVID-19?

How can we prevent bird flu from further spreading?

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Master of Health Administration program wins award for excellence in innovative education from CAHME

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